Go / no go for deep skyGo / no go for deep sky imaging
What to photograph in October
16 deep-sky targets are at their best in October, meaning they cross the middle of the sky around midnight, plus 29 more that are still well placed in the evening or before dawn. Good first picks: Andromeda Galaxy, Double Cluster, M34.
Lists are written for around 35°N, like the southern United States, southern Europe or Japan. The months work for both hemispheres, but southern observers will find northern targets low and southern ones high: each target page shows how high it climbs from your latitude. The best nights are around the new Moon, so check the dark sky calendar.
At their best in October
- Andromeda GalaxyBeginnerM31 · spiral galaxy · Andromeda · 3.2°
The Andromeda Galaxy is the nearest large galaxy to the Milky Way and, at roughly three degrees long, the biggest galaxy target most imagers can reach.
- Double ClusterBeginnerNGC 869 · open cluster · Perseus · 1.0°
The Double Cluster is a pair of rich, young open clusters, NGC 869 and NGC 884, sitting side by side in Perseus.
- M34Beginneropen cluster · Perseus · 35′
M34 is a large, loose open cluster in Perseus, easy to see in a pair of binoculars and just visible to the naked eye from a dark site.
- Heart NebulaIntermediateIC 1805 · emission nebula · Cassiopeia · 2.5°
The Heart Nebula in Cassiopeia is a large emission nebula shaped like a heart, powered by the young open cluster Melotte 15 at its center.
- Soul NebulaIntermediateIC 1848 · emission nebula · Cassiopeia · 2.5°
The Soul Nebula is the companion of the Heart Nebula in Cassiopeia, a large emission nebula with a dense star cluster and a feature called the Fish Head.
- Pacman NebulaIntermediateNGC 281 · emission nebula · Cassiopeia · 35′
The Pacman Nebula is an emission nebula in Cassiopeia, shaped a bit like the arcade character.
- M110Intermediateelliptical galaxy · Andromeda · 19′
M110 is a larger, fainter elliptical companion of the Andromeda Galaxy, lying on the opposite side of M31 from M32.
- Silver Sliver GalaxyIntermediateNGC 891 · spiral galaxy · Andromeda · 14′
NGC 891 is a classic edge-on spiral galaxy in Andromeda, crossed by a dark dust lane along its whole length.
- M32Intermediateelliptical galaxy · Andromeda · 8′
M32 is a small, compact elliptical galaxy that orbits the Andromeda Galaxy and appears just beside its disc.
- M77Intermediatespiral galaxy · Cetus · 7′
M77 is a barred spiral in Cetus with a very bright, active nucleus, making it a Seyfert galaxy.
- M103Intermediateopen cluster · Cassiopeia · 6′
M103 is a small, compact open cluster in Cassiopeia, near the end of the W shape.
- Triangulum GalaxyAdvancedM33 · spiral galaxy · Triangulum · 1.0°
The Triangulum Galaxy is the third-largest galaxy in our Local Group, and it is bigger in the sky than the full Moon.
- Question Mark NebulaAdvancedNGC 7822 · emission nebula · Cepheus · 1.0°
The Question Mark Nebula is a large, faint emission nebula in Cepheus, with bright pillars and a curve that gives it its name.
- Phantom GalaxyAdvancedM74 · spiral galaxy · Pisces · 10′
The Phantom Galaxy is a face-on spiral in Pisces, a famously elusive target.
- Embryo NebulaAdvancedNGC 1333 · reflection nebula · Perseus · 9′
NGC 1333 is a small blue reflection nebula in Perseus, set in a very young star-forming region.
- Little Dumbbell NebulaAdvancedM76 · planetary nebula · Perseus · 2.7′
The Little Dumbbell Nebula in Perseus is one of the faintest and smallest objects in the Messier catalog.
Also well placed
Past or approaching their peak, so higher in the evening or before dawn.
- North America NebulaNGC 7000
- Orion NebulaM42
- M39M39
- M35M35
- Salt-and-Pepper ClusterM37
- Starfish ClusterM38
- De Mairan's NebulaM43
- Great Pegasus ClusterM15
- M2M2
- Pinwheel ClusterM36
- Elephant's TrunkIC 1396
- California NebulaNGC 1499
- PleiadesM45
- Rosette NebulaNGC 2237
- East Veil NebulaNGC 6992
- Pelican NebulaIC 5070
- Flame NebulaNGC 2024
- Helix NebulaNGC 7293
- Iris NebulaNGC 7023
- Bubble NebulaNGC 7635
- M52M52
- Cocoon NebulaIC 5146
- M30M30
- M79M79
- M78M78
- Crab NebulaM1
- Horsehead NebulaIC 434
- Wizard NebulaNGC 7380
- M72M72