Go / no go for deep skyGo / no go for deep sky imaging
What to photograph in September
13 deep-sky targets are at their best in September, meaning they cross the middle of the sky around midnight, plus 31 more that are still well placed in the evening or before dawn. Good first picks: Andromeda Galaxy.
Lists are written for around 35°N, like the southern United States, southern Europe or Japan. The months work for both hemispheres, but southern observers will find northern targets low and southern ones high: each target page shows how high it climbs from your latitude. The best nights are around the new Moon, so check the dark sky calendar.
At their best in September
- Andromeda GalaxyBeginnerM31 · spiral galaxy · Andromeda · 3.2°
The Andromeda Galaxy is the nearest large galaxy to the Milky Way and, at roughly three degrees long, the biggest galaxy target most imagers can reach.
- Pacman NebulaIntermediateNGC 281 · emission nebula · Cassiopeia · 35′
The Pacman Nebula is an emission nebula in Cassiopeia, shaped a bit like the arcade character.
- M110Intermediateelliptical galaxy · Andromeda · 19′
M110 is a larger, fainter elliptical companion of the Andromeda Galaxy, lying on the opposite side of M31 from M32.
- Bubble NebulaIntermediateNGC 7635 · emission nebula · Cassiopeia · 15′
The Bubble Nebula in Cassiopeia is a bubble of gas blown by the strong wind of a hot young star.
- M52Intermediateopen cluster · Cassiopeia · 13′
M52 is a fairly rich open cluster in Cassiopeia, a modest sight on its own but conveniently located about half a degree from the Bubble Nebula (NGC 7635), so the two make a natural pair.
- Cocoon NebulaIntermediateIC 5146 · emission nebula · Cygnus · 12′
The Cocoon Nebula is a small, round blend of emission and reflection nebula in Cygnus, at the head of a long dark dust lane called Barnard 168.
- M32Intermediateelliptical galaxy · Andromeda · 8′
M32 is a small, compact elliptical galaxy that orbits the Andromeda Galaxy and appears just beside its disc.
- M103Intermediateopen cluster · Cassiopeia · 6′
M103 is a small, compact open cluster in Cassiopeia, near the end of the W shape.
- Triangulum GalaxyAdvancedM33 · spiral galaxy · Triangulum · 1.0°
The Triangulum Galaxy is the third-largest galaxy in our Local Group, and it is bigger in the sky than the full Moon.
- Question Mark NebulaAdvancedNGC 7822 · emission nebula · Cepheus · 1.0°
The Question Mark Nebula is a large, faint emission nebula in Cepheus, with bright pillars and a curve that gives it its name.
- Wizard NebulaAdvancedNGC 7380 · emission nebula · Cepheus · 25′
The Wizard Nebula is a faint emission nebula in Cepheus surrounding a young open cluster, with dark lanes giving it a wizard-like shape.
- Phantom GalaxyAdvancedM74 · spiral galaxy · Pisces · 10′
The Phantom Galaxy is a face-on spiral in Pisces, a famously elusive target.
- Little Dumbbell NebulaAdvancedM76 · planetary nebula · Perseus · 2.7′
The Little Dumbbell Nebula in Perseus is one of the faintest and smallest objects in the Messier catalog.
Also well placed
Past or approaching their peak, so higher in the evening or before dawn.
- North America NebulaNGC 7000
- Double ClusterNGC 869
- M34M34
- M39M39
- Great Pegasus ClusterM15
- M2M2
- Wild Duck ClusterM11
- Dumbbell NebulaM27
- Elephant's TrunkIC 1396
- California NebulaNGC 1499
- Heart NebulaIC 1805
- Soul NebulaIC 1848
- PleiadesM45
- Witch's Broom (West Veil)NGC 6960
- East Veil NebulaNGC 6992
- Pelican NebulaIC 5070
- Helix NebulaNGC 7293
- Crescent NebulaNGC 6888
- Iris NebulaNGC 7023
- Silver Sliver GalaxyNGC 891
- M30M30
- M56M56
- M71M71
- M77M77
- Cooling Tower ClusterM29
- Ring NebulaM57
- NGC 6820NGC 6820
- Fireworks GalaxyNGC 6946
- Embryo NebulaNGC 1333
- M72M72
- M75M75