Go / no go for deep skyGo / no go for deep sky imaging
What to photograph in December
18 deep-sky targets are at their best in December, meaning they cross the middle of the sky around midnight, plus 21 more that are still well placed in the evening or before dawn. Good first picks: Orion Nebula, M47, M35.
Lists are written for around 35°N, like the southern United States, southern Europe or Japan. The months work for both hemispheres, but southern observers will find northern targets low and southern ones high: each target page shows how high it climbs from your latitude. The best nights are around the new Moon, so check the dark sky calendar.
At their best in December
- Orion NebulaBeginnerM42 · emission nebula · Orion · 1.4°
The Orion Nebula is a stellar nursery you can spot with the naked eye in Orion's sword.
- M47Beginneropen cluster · Puppis · 30′
M47 is a bright, loose open cluster in Puppis, just west of M46.
- M35Beginneropen cluster · Gemini · 28′
M35 is a large, rich open cluster in Gemini, with a smaller, more distant cluster, NGC 2158, sitting right beside it.
- Salt-and-Pepper ClusterBeginnerM37 · open cluster · Auriga · 24′
M37 is the richest of the three Auriga open clusters, with thousands of faint stars giving it a salt-and-pepper look.
- Starfish ClusterBeginnerM38 · open cluster · Auriga · 21′
M38, the Starfish Cluster, is a large open cluster in Auriga with a pattern of stars that look like a starfish or a cross.
- De Mairan's NebulaBeginnerM43 · emission nebula · Orion · 20′
M43 is a small, comma-shaped nebula separated from the Orion Nebula (M42) by a dark dust lane.
- Pinwheel ClusterBeginnerM36 · open cluster · Auriga · 12′
The Pinwheel Cluster is the smallest of the three bright Auriga open clusters.
- California NebulaIntermediateNGC 1499 · emission nebula · Perseus · 2.7°
The California Nebula is a long, faint emission nebula in Perseus, named for its shape.
- PleiadesIntermediateM45 · open cluster · Taurus · 1.8°
The Pleiades are a young open cluster of hot blue stars, wrapped in a veil of reflected blue dust.
- Rosette NebulaIntermediateNGC 2237 · emission nebula · Monoceros · 1.3°
The Rosette Nebula is a ring of glowing hydrogen around a young cluster, NGC 2244, in Monoceros.
- Flame NebulaIntermediateNGC 2024 · emission nebula · Orion · 30′
The Flame Nebula is an emission nebula in Orion, right beside the belt star Alnitak.
- M46Intermediateopen cluster · Puppis · 27′
M46 is a rich, fairly faint open cluster in Puppis with a small planetary nebula, NGC 2438, that appears to lie inside it, though it is actually in front.
- Cone Nebula / Christmas Tree ClusterIntermediateNGC 2264 · open cluster · Monoceros · 20′
The Cone Nebula and the Christmas Tree Cluster are part of a large star-forming region in Monoceros.
- Heart-Shaped ClusterIntermediateM50 · open cluster · Monoceros · 16′
M50, the Heart-Shaped Cluster, is a rich open cluster in Monoceros set against the Milky Way.
- M78Intermediatereflection nebula · Orion · 8′
M78 is the brightest reflection nebula in the sky, a blue cloud of dust lit by two young stars in Orion.
- Thor's HelmetIntermediateNGC 2359 · emission nebula · Canis Major · 8′
Thor's Helmet is an emission nebula in Canis Major shaped like a winged helmet, created by the strong wind of a Wolf-Rayet star at its center.
- Crab NebulaIntermediateM1 · supernova remnant · Taurus · 6′
The Crab Nebula is the remains of a star that exploded in the year 1054, recorded by astronomers in China and elsewhere.
- Horsehead NebulaAdvancedIC 434 · emission nebula · Orion · 1.0°
The Horsehead Nebula is a dark dust cloud shaped like a horse's head, silhouetted against a faint red glow of hydrogen.
Also well placed
Past or approaching their peak, so higher in the evening or before dawn.
- Beehive ClusterM44
- Double ClusterNGC 869
- M48M48
- Little Beehive ClusterM41
- M34M34
- King Cobra ClusterM67
- Heart NebulaIC 1805
- Soul NebulaIC 1848
- Pacman NebulaNGC 281
- Bode's GalaxyM81
- M93M93
- Silver Sliver GalaxyNGC 891
- NGC 2903NGC 2903
- Cigar GalaxyM82
- M79M79
- M77M77
- M103M103
- Triangulum GalaxyM33
- Phantom GalaxyM74
- Embryo NebulaNGC 1333
- Little Dumbbell NebulaM76